For all practical social purposes such as marriage, surname is exogamous. Some sections of the Savaras of Seethampet area, Pathapatnam and Sompet areas have not adopted even family names. In the absence of exogamous family names and clans, they resort to cross cousin marriages as a way to regulate their matrimonial alliances and thus avoid incest. Levirate, sororate and widow remarriages are socially approved. Four methods of acquiring mates viz., marriage by negotiations (Pankui), marriage by elopement (Dingdengboi), marriage by service (Kinersung) and marriage by exchange (Ulaiboi) are socially accepted among Savaras. Most of the Savara families are nuclear. Divorce is permitted on the grounds of impotency, continued quarrels in the family etc.
The Savaras subsist on agriculture. Savara agriculture consists of 'podu' or shifting cultivation and terrace cultivation on hill slopes besides dry and wet farming. The implements are manufactured mostly by using indigenous techniques and locally available materials. Forest labour, collection and sale of Non-Timber Forest Produce, fishing and hunting are important subsidiary occupations.
Similar to most of the primitive societies, group cohesion and intra-tribal solidarity is maintained among Savaras through social control institutions decreed by tradition. There are three grades in the traditional leadership in social precedence i.e. the 'Gamang', the 'Buyya' and the 'Parja'. The Gamang is the civil head of the village. The Buyya is the religious head. Savaras consider a Gamang to be rich with lands and other property. 'Desari' another religious functionary of Savaras attends for fixing up of auspicious days for the performance of both social and religious ceremonies. 'Kudan' is also a religious functionary who recites hymns and conducts social and religious ceremonies. The festivals of first eating of the crops, propitiation of the deities and ancestral spirits, name giving ceremony are some of the ritual functions at which 'Kudan' recites hymns, conducts the rituals and offers sacrifices. He chants hymns while playing on a musical instrument called 'Kudansngrai'. Savaras propitiate various deities and ancestral spirits. The Gods and spirit beings of Savaras can be classified into benign and malign. The benevolent gods are those of earth, hill, pot, sun, rain, wind, stream etc. The malignant deities are associated with tiger, small pox, bloodsuckers and sorcerer. There are as many malignant spirits as there are diseases known to the Savaras.
The Savaras draw certain designs on the walls known as 'Edising'. It is also known as 'Lingor'. These designs are drawn in honuor of the dead, to avert diseases to promote and on the occasion of certain festivals. These 'Edising' designs are common among Savaras inhabiting interior hilly tracts. These drawings depict the moon, the sun, animals and all the objects, which come across in their daily life. |